The tabular is the de-facto way of presenting tabular data in LaTeX.
Contents
Basic Example[edit | edit source]
% Please add the following required packages to your document preamble:
% \usepackage{multirow}
\begin{table}[]
\centering
\caption{My caption}
\label{my-label}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{Original material} & \multirow{3}{*}{Adsorbent Designation} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{Incineration condition} & \multirow{3}{*}{Yield (\%)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Surface area (m2/g)} & \multirow{3}{*}{Place of study} & \multirow{3}{*}{Reference} \\ \cline{3-6}
& & \multirow{2}{*}{Reactor/Furnace} & \multirow{2}{*}{Atmosphere} & \multirow{2}{*}{Temperature (°C)} & \multirow{2}{*}{Residence time (h)} & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
Sugarcane bagasse & MISCBA & microwave furnace & nitrogen & 900 & 3 & 23.4 & 599 & Malaysia & This study \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Sugarcane bagasse} & \multirow{2}{*}{undigested sugarcane bagasse bio char} & \multirow{4}{*}{muffle furnace} & \multirow{4}{*}{–} & \multirow{4}{*}{550} & \multirow{4}{*}{2} & \multirow{4}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{14.1} & \multirow{4}{*}{USA} & \multirow{4}{*}{{[}58{]}} \\
& & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-2} \cline{8-8}
\multirow{2}{*}{Sugarcane bagasse} & \multirow{2}{*}{digested sugarcane bagasse bio char} & & & & & & 17.7 & & \\ \cline{8-8}
& & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
Rice husk & RP 600 & \multirow{2}{*}{furnace} & \multirow{2}{*}{limited oxygen} & 600 & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & 31.9 & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{Greece} & \multirow{2}{*}{{[}59{]}} \\ \cline{1-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{7-7}
Rice husk & RP 300 & & & 300 & & 32.8 & & & \\ \hline
\multirow{5}{*}{Wheat residue} & WC - 300 & \multirow{5}{*}{–} & \multirow{5}{*}{limited oxygen} & 300 & \multirow{5}{*}{6} & \multirow{5}{*}{10-27} & 116 & \multirow{5}{*}{USA} & \multirow{5}{*}{{[}60{]}} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WC - 400 & & & 400 & & & 189 & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WC - 500 & & & 500 & & & 309 & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WC - 600 & & & 600 & & & 438 & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WC - 700 & & & 700 & & & 363 & & \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{*}{rapeseed plant stalk and straw} & \multirow{2}{*}{rapeseed plant stalk and straw bio char} & \multirow{2}{*}{tubular reactor} & \multirow{2}{*}{nitrogen} & \multirow{2}{*}{900} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{27.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{140.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{Turkey} & \multirow{2}{*}{{[}61{]}} \\
& & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
bamboo & bamboo char & – & limited oxygen & 1000 & – & – & 517.3 & China & {[}62{]} \\ \hline
Orange peel & MOP 700 & – & – & 700 & 6 & – & 19.4 & China & {[}63{]} \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{*}{empty fruit brunch} & \multirow{2}{*}{magnetic bio char} & \multirow{2}{*}{microwave muffle system} & \multirow{2}{*}{nitrogen} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{–} & \multirow{2}{*}{765} & \multirow{2}{*}{Malaysia} & \multirow{2}{*}{{[}64{]}} \\
& & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
\multirow{3}{*}{water treatment sludge} & WS 400 & \multirow{3}{*}{muffle furnace} & \multirow{3}{*}{limited oxygen} & 400 & \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{–} & 126.4 & \multirow{3}{*}{Japan} & \multirow{3}{*}{{[}65{]}} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WS 600 & & & 600 & & & 114.4 & & \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-5} \cline{8-8}
& WS 700 & & & 700 & & & 135.2 & & \\ \hline
dairy waste & DAWC & muffle furnace & nitrogen & 600 & 2 & – & 161.2 & USA & {[}66{]} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Columns are separated by &, and \\ ends a row.
| dd | dd | dd | dd | dd | dd | 3 | 8 | 9 | 0 | -5 | 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | ||||||
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 76 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Advantages and Limitations[edit | edit source]
LaTeX doesn't require any packages to use tabular by itself, so tabular is
ubiquitous. The limitations of tabular are that it doesn't add sufficient whitespace around cells. Though it's not a limitation, many users add unnecessary vertical lines and double lines to their tables.
The booktabs package has a few commands that vastly improve the quality of tabular's tables, and the documentation for booktabs has some advice on typesetting tables properly.
Column Definition[edit | edit source]
A tabular environment takes one required parameter, the column definition.
\begin{tabular}{lrcp{0.5in}}
left aligned & right aligned & centered & set in a 0.5 inch parbox.
\end{tabular}
To repeat a series of columns, *{num}{form} may be used, e.g. *{3}{lr} is the same as lrlrlr.
Not recommended (and does not work as expected with booktabs) is the use of | and || to add vertical and double-vertical lines between columns.
To add some common text between two columns, use @{text} in the column definition.
Lines / Rules[edit | edit source]
As shown in the example in the beginning, the \hline command draws a horizontal
line after the header row. To draw a line between subsequent rows, use \cline.
It is not necessary to draw a line between every row in a table.
Layout[edit | edit source]
A tabular environment is rendered inline as a single large character. An optional parameter controls the position of the float. By default, a tabular is aligned vertically centered with the text baseline.
\begin{tabular}[t]{lll}
The above example would align the top of the tabular with the text baseline, a b would align the bottom.
Floating tabular[edit | edit source]
To make the table float, simply include it in a table environment or a figure environment.
\begin{table}
\caption{Caption needs to be before the label.}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lll}
...
\end{tabular}
\label{tbl:tablelabel}
\end{table}
See example at \autoref{tbl:tablelabel}.
The \centering command may be preferable to the center environment in a float, as the center environment will add a paragraph and create extra whitespace in the float.
A tabular environment may be nested within a minipage to allow side-by-side tables within a table or figure environment, or to place an image next to a table.
\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}{2in}
... image ...
\end{minipage}
\qquad
\begin{minipage}{2in}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
... table ...
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
Other packages[edit | edit source]
- The ctable package allows captioned floating tables, with table footnotes properly laid out. It is also somewhat less wordy.
- For an alternative approach to side by side tables, try the subfigure package. This also removes the need for specifying subtable width.
- For handling tables that span pages, longtable.
- The tabularx package
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